With the river providing a means of transport, the local area was an important centre of the emerging Industrial Revolution. The Ironbridge Gorge was formed at the end of the last ice age by the overflowing of Lake Lapworth, which resulted in the exposure of useful deposits of resources such as coal, iron ore, fire clay and limestone near the surface where they were readily mined.
The bridge, the adjacent settlement of Ironbridge and the Ironbridge Gorge form the UNESCO Ironbridge Gorge World Heritage Site. After being in a poor state of repair for much of its life, extensive restoration works in the latter half of the 20th century have protected the bridge. Tolls for pedestrians were collected until 1950, when the bridge was transferred into public ownership. In 1934 it was designated a scheduled monument and closed to vehicular traffic. The bridge crosses the Ironbridge Gorge with a main span of 100 ft 6 in (30.63 m), allowing sufficient clearance for boats to pass underneath.
After initial uncertainty about the use of iron, construction took place over 2 years, with Abraham Darby III responsible for the ironworks. To cope with the instability of the banks and the need to maintain a navigable channel in the river, a single span iron bridge was proposed by Thomas Farnolls Pritchard. The geography of the deep Ironbridge Gorge, formed by glacial action during the last ice age, meant that there are industrially useful deposits of coal, iron ore, limestone and fire clay present near the surface where they are readily mined, but also that it was difficult to build a bridge across the river at this location. Its success inspired the widespread use of cast iron as a structural material, and today the bridge is celebrated as a symbol of the Industrial Revolution. Opened in 1781, it was the first major bridge in the world to be made of cast iron.
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